#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <disk.h>
/*
* disk types (all MFM encoding)
*/
typedef struct Type Type;
struct Type
{
char *name;
int bytes; /* bytes/sector */
int sectors; /* sectors/track */
int heads; /* number of heads */
int tracks; /* tracks/disk */
int media; /* media descriptor byte */
int cluster; /* default cluster size */
};
Type floppytype[] =
{
{ "3½HD", 512, 18, 2, 80, 0xf0, 1, },
{ "3½DD", 512, 9, 2, 80, 0xf9, 2, },
{ "3½QD", 512, 36, 2, 80, 0xf9, 2, }, /* invented */
{ "5¼HD", 512, 15, 2, 80, 0xf9, 1, },
{ "5¼DD", 512, 9, 2, 40, 0xfd, 2, },
{ "hard", 512, 0, 0, 0, 0xf8, 4, },
};
#define NTYPES (sizeof(floppytype)/sizeof(Type))
typedef struct Dosboot Dosboot;
struct Dosboot{
uchar magic[3]; /* really an x86 JMP instruction */
uchar version[8];
uchar sectsize[2];
uchar clustsize;
uchar nresrv[2];
uchar nfats;
uchar rootsize[2];
uchar volsize[2];
uchar mediadesc;
uchar fatsize[2];
uchar trksize[2];
uchar nheads[2];
uchar nhidden[4];
uchar bigvolsize[4];
uchar driveno;
uchar reserved0;
uchar bootsig;
uchar volid[4];
uchar label[11];
uchar type[8];
};
#define PUTSHORT(p, v) { (p)[1] = (v)>>8; (p)[0] = (v); }
#define PUTLONG(p, v) { PUTSHORT((p), (v)); PUTSHORT((p)+2, (v)>>16); }
#define GETSHORT(p) (((p)[1]<<8)|(p)[0])
#define GETLONG(p) (((ulong)GETSHORT(p+2)<<16)|(ulong)GETSHORT(p))
typedef struct Dosdir Dosdir;
struct Dosdir
{
uchar name[8];
uchar ext[3];
uchar attr;
uchar reserved[10];
uchar time[2];
uchar date[2];
uchar start[2];
uchar length[4];
};
#define DRONLY 0x01
#define DHIDDEN 0x02
#define DSYSTEM 0x04
#define DVLABEL 0x08
#define DDIR 0x10
#define DARCH 0x20
/*
* the boot program for the boot sector.
*/
int nbootprog = 188; /* no. of bytes of boot program, including the first 0x3E */
uchar bootprog[512] =
{
[0x000] 0xEB, 0x3C, 0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
[0x03E] 0xFA, 0xFC, 0x8C, 0xC8, 0x8E, 0xD8, 0x8E, 0xD0,
0xBC, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xBE, 0x77, 0x7C, 0xE8, 0x19,
0x00, 0x33, 0xC0, 0xCD, 0x16, 0xBB, 0x40, 0x00,
0x8E, 0xC3, 0xBB, 0x72, 0x00, 0xB8, 0x34, 0x12,
0x26, 0x89, 0x07, 0xEA, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xEB, 0xD6, 0xAC, 0x0A, 0xC0, 0x74, 0x09, 0xB4,
0x0E, 0xBB, 0x07, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x10, 0xEB, 0xF2,
0xC3, 'N', 'o', 't', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'b',
'o', 'o', 't', 'a', 'b', 'l', 'e', ' ',
'd', 'i', 's', 'c', ' ', 'o', 'r', ' ',
'd', 'i', 's', 'c', ' ', 'e', 'r', 'r',
'o', 'r', '\r', '\n', 'P', 'r', 'e', 's',
's', ' ', 'a', 'l', 'm', 'o', 's', 't',
' ', 'a', 'n', 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y',
' ', 't', 'o', ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o',
'o', 't', '.', '.', '.', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
[0x1F0] 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0xAA,
};
char *dev;
int clustersize;
uchar *fat; /* the fat */
int fatbits;
int fatsecs;
int fatlast; /* last cluster allocated */
int clusters;
int fatsecs;
vlong volsecs;
uchar *root; /* first block of root */
int rootsecs;
int rootfiles;
int rootnext;
int nresrv = 1;
int chatty;
vlong length;
Type *t;
int fflag;
int hflag;
int xflag;
char *file;
char *pbs;
char *type;
char *bootfile;
int dos;
enum
{
Sof = 1, /* start of file */
Eof = 2, /* end of file */
};
void dosfs(int, int, Disk*, char*, int, char*[], int);
ulong clustalloc(int);
void addrname(uchar*, Dir*, char*, ulong);
void sanitycheck(Disk*);
void
usage(void)
{
fprint(2, "usage: disk/format [-df] [-b bootblock] [-c csize] [-l label] [-r nresrv] [-t type] disk [files ...]\n");
exits("usage");
}
void
fatal(char *fmt, ...)
{
char err[128];
va_list arg;
va_start(arg, fmt);
vsnprint(err, sizeof(err), fmt, arg);
va_end(arg);
fprint(2, "format: %s\n", err);
if(fflag && file)
remove(file);
exits(err);
}
void
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int n, writepbs;
int fd;
char buf[512];
char label[11];
char *a;
Disk *disk;
dos = 0;
type = nil;
clustersize = 0;
writepbs = 0;
memmove(label, "CYLINDRICAL", sizeof(label));
ARGBEGIN {
case 'c':
clustersize = atoi(ARGF());
break;
case 'd':
dos = 1;
writepbs = 1;
break;
case 'f':
fflag = 1;
break;
case 'l':
a = ARGF();
n = strlen(a);
if(n > sizeof(label))
n = sizeof(label);
memmove(label, a, n);
while(n < sizeof(label))
label[n++] = ' ';
break;
case 'b':
pbs = ARGF();
writepbs = 1;
break;
case 'r':
nresrv = atoi(ARGF());
break;
case 't':
type = ARGF();
break;
case 'v':
chatty++;
break;
case 'x':
xflag = 1;
break;
default:
usage();
} ARGEND
if(argc < 1)
usage();
disk = opendisk(argv[0], 0, 0);
if(disk == nil) {
if(fflag) {
if((fd = create(argv[0], ORDWR, 0666)) >= 0) {
file = argv[0];
close(fd);
disk = opendisk(argv[0], 0, 0);
}
}
}
if(disk == nil)
fatal("opendisk: %r");
if(disk->type == Tfile)
fflag = 1;
if(type == nil) {
switch(disk->type){
case Tfile:
type = "3½HD";
break;
case Tfloppy:
seek(disk->ctlfd, 0, 0);
n = read(disk->ctlfd, buf, 10);
if(n <= 0 || n >= 10)
fatal("reading floppy type");
buf[n] = 0;
type = strdup(buf);
if(type == nil)
fatal("out of memory");
break;
case Tsd:
type = "hard";
break;
default:
type = "unknown";
break;
}
}
if(!fflag && disk->type == Tfloppy)
if(fprint(disk->ctlfd, "format %s", type) < 0)
fatal("formatting floppy as %s: %r", type);
if(disk->type != Tfloppy)
sanitycheck(disk);
/* check that everything will succeed */
dosfs(dos, writepbs, disk, label, argc-1, argv+1, 0);
/* commit */
dosfs(dos, writepbs, disk, label, argc-1, argv+1, 1);
print("used %lld bytes\n", fatlast*clustersize*disk->secsize);
exits(0);
}
/*
* Look for a partition table on sector 1, as would be the
* case if we were erroneously formatting 9fat without -r 2.
* If it's there and nresrv is not big enough, complain and exit.
* I've blown away my partition table too many times.
*/
void
sanitycheck(Disk *disk)
{
char buf[512];
int bad;
if(xflag)
return;
bad = 0;
if(dos && nresrv < 2 && seek(disk->fd, disk->secsize, 0) == disk->secsize
&& read(disk->fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) >= 5 && strncmp(buf, "part ", 5) == 0) {
fprint(2,
"there's a plan9 partition on the disk\n"
"and you didn't specify -r 2 (or greater).\n"
"either specify -r 2 or -x to disable this check.\n");
bad = 1;
}
if(disk->type == Tsd && disk->offset == 0LL) {
fprint(2,
"you're attempting to format your disk (/dev/sdXX/data)\n"
"rather than a partition like /dev/sdXX/9fat;\n"
"this is likely a mistake. specify -x to disable this check.\n");
bad = 1;
}
if(bad)
exits("failed disk sanity check");
}
/*
* Return the BIOS drive number for the disk.
* 0x80 is the first fixed disk, 0x81 the next, etc.
* We map sdC0=0x80, sdC1=0x81, sdD0=0x82, sdD1=0x83
*/
int
getdriveno(Disk *disk)
{
char buf[64], *p;
if(disk->type != Tsd)
return 0x80; /* first hard disk */
if(fd2path(disk->fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) < 0)
return 0x80;
/*
* The name is of the format #SsdC0/foo
* or /dev/sdC0/foo.
* So that we can just look for /sdC0, turn
* #SsdC0/foo into #/sdC0/foo.
*/
if(buf[0] == '#' && buf[1] == 'S')
buf[1] = '/';
for(p=buf; *p; p++)
if(p[0] == 's' && p[1] == 'd' && (p[2]=='C' || p[2]=='D') && (p[3]=='0' || p[3]=='1'))
return 0x80 + (p[2]-'C')*2 + (p[3]-'0');
return 0x80;
}
long
writen(int fd, void *buf, long n)
{
/* write 8k at a time, to be nice to the disk subsystem */
long m, tot;
for(tot=0; tot<n; tot+=m){
m = n - tot;
if(m > 8192)
m = 8192;
if(write(fd, (uchar*)buf+tot, m) != m)
break;
}
return tot;
}
void
dosfs(int dofat, int dopbs, Disk *disk, char *label, int argc, char *argv[], int commit)
{
char r[16];
Dosboot *b;
uchar *buf, *pbsbuf, *p;
Dir *d;
int i, data, newclusters, npbs, n, sysfd;
ulong x;
vlong length;
vlong secsize;
if(dofat == 0 && dopbs == 0)
return;
for(t = floppytype; t < &floppytype[NTYPES]; t++)
if(strcmp(type, t->name) == 0)
break;
if(t == &floppytype[NTYPES])
fatal("unknown floppy type %s", type);
if(t->sectors == 0 && strcmp(type, "hard") == 0) {
t->sectors = disk->s;
t->heads = disk->h;
t->tracks = disk->c;
}
if(t->sectors == 0 && dofat)
fatal("cannot format fat with type %s: geometry unknown\n", type);
if(fflag){
disk->size = t->bytes*t->sectors*t->heads*t->tracks;
disk->secsize = t->bytes;
disk->secs = disk->size / disk->secsize;
}
secsize = disk->secsize;
length = disk->size;
buf = malloc(secsize);
if(buf == 0)
fatal("out of memory");
/*
* Make disk full size if a file.
*/
if(fflag && disk->type == Tfile){
if((d = dirfstat(disk->wfd)) == nil)
fatal("fstat disk: %r");
if(commit && d->length < disk->size) {
if(seek(disk->wfd, disk->size-1, 0) < 0)
fatal("seek to 9: %r");
if(write(disk->wfd, "9", 1) < 0)
fatal("writing 9: @%lld %r", seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
}
free(d);
}
/*
* Start with initial sector from disk
*/
if(seek(disk->fd, 0, 0) < 0)
fatal("seek to boot sector: %r\n");
if(commit && read(disk->fd, buf, secsize) != secsize)
fatal("reading boot sector: %r");
if(dofat)
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(Dosboot));
/*
* Jump instruction and OEM name.
*/
b = (Dosboot*)buf;
b->magic[0] = 0xEB;
b->magic[1] = 0x3C;
b->magic[2] = 0x90;
memmove(b->version, "Plan9.00", sizeof(b->version));
/*
* Add bootstrapping code; assume it starts
* at 0x3E (the destination of the jump we just
* wrote to b->magic).
*/
if(dopbs) {
pbsbuf = malloc(secsize);
if(pbsbuf == 0)
fatal("out of memory");
if(pbs){
if((sysfd = open(pbs, OREAD)) < 0)
fatal("open %s: %r", pbs);
if((npbs = read(sysfd, pbsbuf, secsize)) < 0)
fatal("read %s: %r", pbs);
if(npbs > secsize-2)
fatal("boot block too large");
close(sysfd);
}
else {
memmove(pbsbuf, bootprog, sizeof(bootprog));
npbs = nbootprog;
}
if(npbs <= 0x3E)
fprint(2, "warning: pbs too small\n");
else
memmove(buf+0x3E, pbsbuf+0x3E, npbs-0x3E);
free(pbsbuf);
}
/*
* Add FAT BIOS parameter block.
*/
if(dofat) {
if(commit) {
print("Initializing FAT file system\n");
print("type %s, %d tracks, %d heads, %d sectors/track, %lld bytes/sec\n",
t->name, t->tracks, t->heads, t->sectors, secsize);
}
if(clustersize == 0)
clustersize = t->cluster;
/*
* the number of fat bits depends on how much disk is left
* over after you subtract out the space taken up by the fat tables.
* try both. what a crock.
*/
fatbits = 12;
Tryagain:
volsecs = length/secsize;
/*
* here's a crock inside a crock. even having fixed fatbits,
* the number of fat sectors depends on the number of clusters,
* but of course we don't know yet. maybe iterating will get us there.
* or maybe it will cycle.
*/
clusters = 0;
for(i=0;; i++){
fatsecs = (fatbits*clusters + 8*secsize - 1)/(8*secsize);
rootsecs = volsecs/200;
rootfiles = rootsecs * (secsize/sizeof(Dosdir));
if(rootfiles > 512){
rootfiles = 512;
rootsecs = rootfiles/(secsize/sizeof(Dosdir));
}
data = nresrv + 2*fatsecs + (rootfiles*sizeof(Dosdir) + secsize-1)/secsize;
newclusters = 2 + (volsecs - data)/clustersize;
if(newclusters == clusters)
break;
clusters = newclusters;
if(i > 10)
fatal("can't decide how many clusters to use (%d? %d?)", clusters, newclusters);
if(chatty) print("clusters %d\n", clusters);
}
if(chatty) print("try %d fatbits => %d clusters of %d\n", fatbits, clusters, clustersize);
switch(fatbits){
case 12:
if(clusters >= 4087){
fatbits = 16;
goto Tryagain;
}
break;
case 16:
if(clusters >= 65527)
fatal("disk too big; implement fat32");
break;
}
PUTSHORT(b->sectsize, secsize);
b->clustsize = clustersize;
PUTSHORT(b->nresrv, nresrv);
b->nfats = 2;
PUTSHORT(b->rootsize, rootfiles);
if(volsecs < (1<<16))
PUTSHORT(b->volsize, volsecs);
b->mediadesc = t->media;
PUTSHORT(b->fatsize, fatsecs);
PUTSHORT(b->trksize, t->sectors);
PUTSHORT(b->nheads, t->heads);
PUTLONG(b->nhidden, disk->offset);
PUTLONG(b->bigvolsize, volsecs);
/*
* Extended BIOS Parameter Block.
*/
if(t->media == 0xF8)
b->driveno = getdriveno(disk);
else
b->driveno = 0;
if(chatty) print("driveno = %ux\n", b->driveno);
b->bootsig = 0x29;
x = disk->offset + b->nfats*fatsecs + nresrv;
PUTLONG(b->volid, x);
if(chatty) print("volid = %lux %lux\n", x, GETLONG(b->volid));
memmove(b->label, label, sizeof(b->label));
sprint(r, "FAT%d ", fatbits);
memmove(b->type, r, sizeof(b->type));
}
buf[secsize-2] = 0x55;
buf[secsize-1] = 0xAA;
if(commit) {
if(seek(disk->wfd, 0, 0) < 0)
fatal("seek to boot sector: %r\n");
if(write(disk->wfd, buf, secsize) != secsize)
fatal("writing boot sector: %r");
}
free(buf);
/*
* If we were only called to write the PBS, leave now.
*/
if(dofat == 0)
return;
/*
* allocate an in memory fat
*/
if(seek(disk->wfd, nresrv*secsize, 0) < 0)
fatal("seek to fat: %r\n");
if(chatty) print("fat @%lluX\n", seek(disk->wfd, 0, 1));
fat = malloc(fatsecs*secsize);
if(fat == 0)
fatal("out of memory");
memset(fat, 0, fatsecs*secsize);
fat[0] = t->media;
fat[1] = 0xff;
fat[2] = 0xff;
if(fatbits == 16)
fat[3] = 0xff;
fatlast = 1;
if(seek(disk->wfd, 2*fatsecs*secsize, 1) < 0) /* 2 fats */
fatal("seek to root: %r");
if(chatty) print("root @%lluX\n", seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
/*
* allocate an in memory root
*/
root = malloc(rootsecs*secsize);
if(root == 0)
fatal("out of memory");
memset(root, 0, rootsecs*secsize);
if(seek(disk->wfd, rootsecs*secsize, 1) < 0) /* rootsecs */
fatal("seek to files: %r");
if(chatty) print("files @%lluX\n", seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
/*
* Now positioned at the Files Area.
* If we have any arguments, process
* them and write out.
*/
for(p = root; argc > 0; argc--, argv++, p += sizeof(Dosdir)){
if(p >= (root+(rootsecs*secsize)))
fatal("too many files in root");
/*
* Open the file and get its length.
*/
if((sysfd = open(*argv, OREAD)) < 0)
fatal("open %s: %r", *argv);
if((d = dirfstat(sysfd)) == nil)
fatal("stat %s: %r", *argv);
if(d->length > 0xFFFFFFFFU)
fatal("file %s too big\n", *argv, d->length);
if(commit)
print("Adding file %s, length %lld\n", *argv, d->length);
length = d->length;
if(length){
/*
* Allocate a buffer to read the entire file into.
* This must be rounded up to a cluster boundary.
*
* Read the file and write it out to the Files Area.
*/
length += secsize*clustersize - 1;
length /= secsize*clustersize;
length *= secsize*clustersize;
if((buf = malloc(length)) == 0)
fatal("out of memory");
if(readn(sysfd, buf, d->length) != d->length)
fatal("read %s: %r", *argv);
memset(buf+d->length, 0, length-d->length);
if(chatty) print("%s @%lluX\n", d->name, seek(disk->wfd, 0LL, 1));
if(commit && writen(disk->wfd, buf, length) != length)
fatal("write %s: %r", *argv);
free(buf);
close(sysfd);
/*
* Allocate the FAT clusters.
* We're assuming here that where we
* wrote the file is in sync with
* the cluster allocation.
* Save the starting cluster.
*/
length /= secsize*clustersize;
x = clustalloc(Sof);
for(n = 0; n < length-1; n++)
clustalloc(0);
clustalloc(Eof);
}
else
x = 0;
/*
* Add the filename to the root.
*/
fprint(2, "add %s at clust %lux\n", d->name, x);
addrname(p, d, *argv, x);
free(d);
}
/*
* write the fats and root
*/
if(commit) {
if(seek(disk->wfd, nresrv*secsize, 0) < 0)
fatal("seek to fat #1: %r");
if(write(disk->wfd, fat, fatsecs*secsize) < 0)
fatal("writing fat #1: %r");
if(write(disk->wfd, fat, fatsecs*secsize) < 0)
fatal("writing fat #2: %r");
if(write(disk->wfd, root, rootsecs*secsize) < 0)
fatal("writing root: %r");
}
free(fat);
free(root);
}
/*
* allocate a cluster
*/
ulong
clustalloc(int flag)
{
ulong o, x;
if(flag != Sof){
x = (flag == Eof) ? 0xffff : (fatlast+1);
if(fatbits == 12){
x &= 0xfff;
o = (3*fatlast)/2;
if(fatlast & 1){
fat[o] = (fat[o]&0x0f) | (x<<4);
fat[o+1] = (x>>4);
} else {
fat[o] = x;
fat[o+1] = (fat[o+1]&0xf0) | ((x>>8) & 0x0F);
}
} else {
o = 2*fatlast;
fat[o] = x;
fat[o+1] = x>>8;
}
}
if(flag == Eof)
return 0;
else{
++fatlast;
if(fatlast >= clusters)
sysfatal("data does not fit on disk (%d %d)", fatlast, clusters);
return fatlast;
}
}
void
putname(char *p, Dosdir *d)
{
int i;
memset(d->name, ' ', sizeof d->name+sizeof d->ext);
for(i = 0; i< sizeof(d->name); i++){
if(*p == 0 || *p == '.')
break;
d->name[i] = toupper(*p++);
}
p = strrchr(p, '.');
if(p){
for(i = 0; i < sizeof d->ext; i++){
if(*++p == 0)
break;
d->ext[i] = toupper(*p);
}
}
}
void
puttime(Dosdir *d)
{
Tm *t = localtime(time(0));
ushort x;
x = (t->hour<<11) | (t->min<<5) | (t->sec>>1);
d->time[0] = x;
d->time[1] = x>>8;
x = ((t->year-80)<<9) | ((t->mon+1)<<5) | t->mday;
d->date[0] = x;
d->date[1] = x>>8;
}
void
addrname(uchar *entry, Dir *dir, char *name, ulong start)
{
char *s;
Dosdir *d;
s = strrchr(name, '/');
if(s)
s++;
else
s = name;
d = (Dosdir*)entry;
putname(s, d);
if(strcmp(s, "9load") == 0)
d->attr = DSYSTEM;
else
d->attr = 0;
puttime(d);
d->start[0] = start;
d->start[1] = start>>8;
d->length[0] = dir->length;
d->length[1] = dir->length>>8;
d->length[2] = dir->length>>16;
d->length[3] = dir->length>>24;
}
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